Differential predictors of acute post-surgical pain intensity after abdominal hysterectomy and major joint arthroplasty

Author's personal copyBACKGROUND Psychological factors have a significant role in post-surgical pain, and their study can inform pain management. PURPOSE The aims of this study are to identify psychological predictors of post-surgical pain following abdominal hysterectomy (AH) and major joint arthroplasty (MJA) and to investigate differential predictors by type of surgery. METHOD One hundred forty-two women undergoing AH and 110 patients undergoing MJA were assessed 24 h before (T1) and 48 h after (T2) surgery. RESULTS A predictive post-surgical pain model was found for AH and MJA yielding pre-surgical pain experience and pain catastrophizing as significant predictors and a significant interaction of pre-surgical optimism and surgery type. Separate regression models by surgery type showed that pre-surgical optimism was the best predictor of post-surgical pain after MJA, but not after AH. CONCLUSIONS Findings highlight the relevance of psychological predictors for both surgeries and the value of targeting specific psychological factors by surgery type in order to effectively manage acute post-surgical pain.Supported by a project grant (PTDC/SAU-NEU/108557/2008) and by a PhD grant (SFRH/BD/36368/2007) from the Portuguese Foundation of Science and Technology, COMPETE, and FEDE

Monitoring of Dinophysis spp and vertical distribution of okadaic acid on mussel rafts from Ría de Pontevedra (NW Spain)

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Accumulation of diarrhetic shellfish poisoning toxins in the oyster Crassostrea gigas and the mussel Choromytilus meridionalis in the southern Benguela ecosystem

Diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP) poses a significant threat to the safe consumption of shellfish in the southern Benguela ecosystem. The accumulation of DSP toxins was investigated in two cultivated bivalve species, the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas and the mussel Choromytilus meridionalis, suspended from a mooring located off Lambert’s Bay on the west coast of South Africa. The dinoflagellate Dinophysis acuminata, a known source of polyether toxins associated with DSP, was common through most of the study period. The toxin composition of the dinoflagellate was dominated by okadaic acid (OA) (91%), with lesser quantities of the dinophysistoxin DTX-1 (6.5%) and pectenotoxin PTX-2 (2.4%), and traces of PTX-2sa and PTX-11. The mean cell toxin quota of D. acuminata was 7.8 pg OA cell–1. The toxin profile in shellfish was characterised by a notably higher relative content of DTX-1. The study showed the average concentration of DSP toxins in the mussels to exceed that in the oysters by approximately 20-fold. The results indicate a need to establish species-specific sampling frequencies in shellfish safety monitoring programmes

Controlling Cesium Cation Recognition via Cation Metathesis within an Ion Pair Receptor

Ion pair receptor <b>3</b> bearing an anion binding site and multiple cation binding sites has been synthesized and shown to function in a novel binding–release cycle that does not necessarily require displacement to effect release. The receptor forms stable complexes with the test cesium salts, CsCl and CsNO₃, in solution (10% methanol-<i>d</i>₄ in chloroform-<i>d</i>) as inferred from ¹H NMR spectroscopic analyses. The addition of KClO₄ to these cesium salt complexes leads to a novel type of cation metathesis in which the “exchanged” cations occupy different binding sites. Specifically, K⁺ becomes bound at the expense of the Cs⁺ cation initially present in the complex. Under liquid–liquid conditions, receptor <b>3</b> is able to extract CsNO₃ and CsCl from an aqueous D₂O layer into nitrobenzene-<i>d</i>₅ as inferred from ¹H NMR spectroscopic analyses and radiotracer measurements. The Cs⁺ cation of the CsNO₃ extracted into the nitrobenzene phase by receptor <b>3</b> may be released into the aqueous phase by contacting the loaded nitrobenzene phase with an aqueous KClO₄ solution. Additional exposure of the nitrobenzene layer to chloroform and water gives <b>3</b> in its uncomplexed, ion-free form. This allows receptor <b>3</b> to be recovered for subsequent use. Support for the underlying complexation chemistry came from single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses and gas-phase energy-minimization studies

Controlling Cesium Cation Recognition via Cation Metathesis within an Ion Pair Receptor

Ion pair receptor <b>3</b> bearing an anion binding site and multiple cation binding sites has been synthesized and shown to function in a novel binding–release cycle that does not necessarily require displacement to effect release. The receptor forms stable complexes with the test cesium salts, CsCl and CsNO₃, in solution (10% methanol-<i>d</i>₄ in chloroform-<i>d</i>) as inferred from ¹H NMR spectroscopic analyses. The addition of KClO₄ to these cesium salt complexes leads to a novel type of cation metathesis in which the “exchanged” cations occupy different binding sites. Specifically, K⁺ becomes bound at the expense of the Cs⁺ cation initially present in the complex. Under liquid–liquid conditions, receptor <b>3</b> is able to extract CsNO₃ and CsCl from an aqueous D₂O layer into nitrobenzene-<i>d</i>₅ as inferred from ¹H NMR spectroscopic analyses and radiotracer measurements. The Cs⁺ cation of the CsNO₃ extracted into the nitrobenzene phase by receptor <b>3</b> may be released into the aqueous phase by contacting the loaded nitrobenzene phase with an aqueous KClO₄ solution. Additional exposure of the nitrobenzene layer to chloroform and water gives <b>3</b> in its uncomplexed, ion-free form. This allows receptor <b>3</b> to be recovered for subsequent use. Support for the underlying complexation chemistry came from single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses and gas-phase energy-minimization studies

Controlling Cesium Cation Recognition via Cation Metathesis within an Ion Pair Receptor

Ion pair receptor <b>3</b> bearing an anion binding site and multiple cation binding sites has been synthesized and shown to function in a novel binding–release cycle that does not necessarily require displacement to effect release. The receptor forms stable complexes with the test cesium salts, CsCl and CsNO₃, in solution (10% methanol-<i>d</i>₄ in chloroform-<i>d</i>) as inferred from ¹H NMR spectroscopic analyses. The addition of KClO₄ to these cesium salt complexes leads to a novel type of cation metathesis in which the “exchanged” cations occupy different binding sites. Specifically, K⁺ becomes bound at the expense of the Cs⁺ cation initially present in the complex. Under liquid–liquid conditions, receptor <b>3</b> is able to extract CsNO₃ and CsCl from an aqueous D₂O layer into nitrobenzene-<i>d</i>₅ as inferred from ¹H NMR spectroscopic analyses and radiotracer measurements. The Cs⁺ cation of the CsNO₃ extracted into the nitrobenzene phase by receptor <b>3</b> may be released into the aqueous phase by contacting the loaded nitrobenzene phase with an aqueous KClO₄ solution. Additional exposure of the nitrobenzene layer to chloroform and water gives <b>3</b> in its uncomplexed, ion-free form. This allows receptor <b>3</b> to be recovered for subsequent use. Support for the underlying complexation chemistry came from single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses and gas-phase energy-minimization studies